Heat Exchanger Tubes Guide - ASTM A179 A213 A249

Thaum tshav kub kub exchanger raj yog tshwj xeeb steel raj siv nyob rau hauv thermal exchangers xws li lub plhaub - thiab - raj kub exchangers, condensers, evaporators, boilers, thiab lwm yam cua sov hloov apparatus. Tsis zoo li cov yeeb nkab txheem siv rau kev thauj cov kua dej, cov raj xa hluav taws xob yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom nruj rau qhov raug, qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lub raj phab ntsa yuav tsum nyias txaus kom tso cai rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kua dej sab hauv thiab sab nraud, tab sis muaj zog txaus los tiv thaiv qhov sib txawv ntawm lub raj sab thiab lub plhaub sab. Sab hauv thiab sab nrauv yuav tsum tau huv si thiab du kom txo tau fouling thiab tswj kom muaj cua sov hloov mus rau lub sijhawm.

Thaum tshav kub kub exchanger raj yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm industries: petrochemical refineries (cov txheej txheem kub exchangers, condensers, reboilers), fais fab nroj tsuag (condenser raj, feedwater heaters, boiler raj), HVAC systems (chillers, txias coils), zaub mov ua (pasteurizers, sterilizers), thiab desalination nroj tsuag (desalination). Kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv raj, qhov loj, thiab phab ntsa thickness nyob ntawm qhov kev khiav hauj lwm kub, siab, kua corrosivity, thiab cua sov hloov ntawm cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.

ASTM A179 npog seamless txias-tso qis- cov pa roj carbon steel raj rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib hloov, condensers, thiab cov cuab yeej hloov hluav taws xob zoo sib xws. Tus qauv npog cov hlab nrog lub siab tshaj plaws phab ntsa thickness ntawm 4.2 hli (0.165 nti) thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa thickness ntawm 0.5 hli (0.020 nti). Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum muaj cov pa roj carbon 0.06-0.18%, manganese 0.27-0.63%, thiab cov khoom seem tswj tau qis. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg muab qhov zoo weldability thiab formability, thaum lub caij txias-daws txheej txheem ua rau lub qhov ntev kom haum thiab du nto tiav yuav tsum tau rau kev pab cuam tshav kub.

Cov txheej txheem kev tsim khoom txias- kos muaj ntau qhov zoo rau cov raj xa hluav taws xob. Kev kos duab los ntawm kev tuag ntawm chav tsev kub ua rau qhov tseeb qhov tseeb: OD kam rau ua ntawm ± 0.05 hli thiab phab ntsa thickness kam rau ua ntawm ± 5% yog tus qauv. Kev ua haujlwm txias kuj tseem txhim kho qhov chaw tiav, nrog rau qhov chaw roughness Ra tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.8 μm. Tom qab kos duab txias, cov hlab ntsha yog annealed los daws cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thiab rov ua kom ductility. Cov raj yuav muab tau rau hauv qhov ntev (feem ntau yog 6-12 meters) lossis raws li U-khoov raj rau U-tube heat exchanger configurations. Cov ntawv thov rau A179 suav nrog lub plhaub-thiab-tube kub exchangers hauv refineries, condensers hauv fais fab nroj tsuag, roj txias, thiab intercoolers hauv compressor systems.

ASTM A213 npog seamless ferritic thiab austenitic alloy steel boiler, superheater, thiab tshav kub exchanger raj. Qhov no yog tus qauv zoo tshaj plaws rau siab -kub kub exchanger tubes, npog cov qib los ntawm qis-alloy T11 (1.25Cr-}0.5Mo) mus txog siab- alloy T91 (9Cr-}1Mo-V) thiab austenitic 10, TP3, qib 4, thiab qib TP3. TIAB SA 347. Qhov "T" ua ntej hauv qib kev xaiv qhia lub raj (xws li "P" rau cov yeeb nkab hauv A335). Rau austenitic stainless hlau, ntau qib suav nrog TP304 (kev tiv thaiv dav dav), TP304L (tsis tshua muaj cov pa roj carbon monoxide), TP316 (kev txhim kho corrosion kuj nrog molybdenum), TP316L (tsawg carbon version), TP321 (stabilized nrog titanium rau high-temperature service), thiab TP347 (tabilized).

A213 T11, T22, thiab T91 yog ferritic alloy steel raj siv nyob rau hauv siab -kub kub exchanger daim ntaub ntawv xws li superheaters, reheaters, thiab feedwater heaters nyob rau hauv fais fab nroj tsuag. Cov qib no tuav lawv lub zog ntawm qhov kub siab los ntawm chromium- cov ntsiab lus molybdenum alloy. T91 yog qhov kev xaiv siab tshaj plaws - lub zog, muab kwv yees li peb npaug ntawm qhov creep rupture zog ntawm T22 ntawm 600 degree, tso cai rau cov phab ntsa nyias nyias thiab txhim kho cua sov. Qhov kev pabcuam kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm 593℃(T11, T22) txog 649℃(T91, TP304, TP316). Rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws alloy steel khoom sib piv, saib pebAlloy Steel Pipe Qhia.

ASTM A249 npog welded austenitic stainless hlau raj rau cua sov exchangers, condensers, thiab boilers. Cov raj yog tsim los ntawm tiaj tus- dov stainless hlau sawb los yog phaj uas yog tsim rau hauv ib lub raj zoo thiab welded siv ib tug tsis siv neeg vuam txheej txheem (feem ntau TIG los yog plasma arc vuam nrog muab tub lim hlau ntxiv, los yog siab - zaus induction vuam). Tom qab welding, cov hlab yog txias los yog txias ua hauj lwm los kho cov weld cheeb tsam microstructure thiab txhim kho qhov tseeb qhov tseeb, ces tshuaj annealed los kho corrosion kuj thiab txhua yam khoom.

A249 welded raj muab tus nqi - siv tau zoo rau A213 seamless raj, feem ntau 10-20% qis dua tus nqi rau tib yam khoom thiab qhov ntev. Lub welded raj muaj cov khoom siv sib piv rau seamless tom qab ua tiav, nrog rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo feem ntau 0.85-0.95 nyob ntawm NDT ua. Tus qauv xav kom cov vuam seam yuav tsum tau 100% tshuaj xyuas los ntawm eddy tam sim no kuaj (ECT) los yog hydrostatic testing. A249 muaj nyob rau hauv tib qib austenitic li A213 (TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP321, TP347) nrog tib cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Parameter	ASTM A179 Cov khoom lag luam	ASTM A 213	ASTM A 249 Cov khoom siv
Kev tsim khoom	Seamless txias- kos	Seamless (kub / txias tiav)	Welded + txias ua haujlwm
Khoom siv	Tsawg carbon steel	Alloy hlau, SS	Stainless hlau
OD Ntau	6-76 hli	6-127 hli	6-203 hli
Max kub	400 degree	649℃(SS)	649℃(SS)
Dimensional kam rau ua	Zoo heev (± 0.05mm)	Zoo heev (± 0.10mm)	Zoo heev (± 0.10mm)
Tus nqi txheeb ze	Tsawg	Siab	Nruab nrab
Daim ntawv thov	Tsawg- siab condenser	High -temp superheaters	General tshav kub exchanger

Tus qauv OD ntau rau cov raj xa hluav taws xob yog 6 hli (1/4 ") txog 50.8 hli (2"), txawm tias cov kab loj loj muaj rau cov ntawv tshwj xeeb. Phab ntsa tuab feem ntau tau teev tseg los ntawm BWG (Birmingham Wire Gauge) tus lej, qhov twg ntau dua BWG tus lej qhia tias phab ntsa nyias. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg muaj xws li 10 BWG (3.40 mm), 12 BWG (2.77 mm), 14 BWG (2.11 mm), 16 BWG (1.65 mm), thiab 18 BWG (1.24 mm). Piv txwv li, 3/4 "OD x 16 BWG tube muaj OD ntawm 19.05 hli thiab phab ntsa tuab ntawm 1.65 hli. Qhov ntev yog feem ntau 6 m lossis 12 m rau cov raj ncaj, nrog U- khoov cov raj muaj qhov khoov radii nyob ntawm cov qauv siv hluav taws xob (feem ntau yog 2-3 zaug).

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov raj xa hluav taws xob muaj xws li kev txheeb xyuas qhov ntev (OD, ID, phab ntsa tuab, ncaj, thiab ntev), eddy tam sim no kuaj (ECT) rau kev kuaj xyuas qhov chaw thiab subsurface defects, kuaj hydrostatic raws li tus qauv tsim nyog, thiab kev ntsuam xyuas cov tshuab suav nrog flaring (ntev lub raj kawg kom paub tseeb ductility) thiab flattening (crushing theld tube to verify). Kev huv ntawm qhov chaw raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag thiab, rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb, los ntawm cov roj- thiab - roj av kuaj.

Kev xaiv lub raj xa hluav taws xob kom raug suav nrog kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub (tsawg-kub < 200℃siv carbon steel A179; nruab nrab- kub 200-}500℃siv qis-alloy A213 T11/T22; siab{12}5}000℃siv stainless hlau (tsis yog- siv corrosive carbon steel; corrosive siv 304/316 stainless; corrosive heev los yog chloride-laden siv 316L los yog duplex), thiab cov cua sov yuav tsum tau (cov phab ntsa nyias muab cov cua sov zoo dua tab sis tsawg dua corrosion). Kev txheeb xyuas tus nqi ntawm lub neej yuav tsum xav txog tus nqi pib ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv nrog rau kev saib xyuas, kev tu ntau zaus, thiab lub sijhawm hloov pauv hauv ib puag ncig kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb.

Hu rau peb pab neeg ua haujlwm engineering rau kev xaiv tube thiab tus nqi sib tw ntawm A179, A213, thiab A249 raj.

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